--> Roaming occurs when wireless client moves from one AP to other AP on same WLAN.
--> Depends upon type of roaming and type of wireless network has a big effect on Roaming Latency.
--> Roaming Latency is the amount of the time the wireless client is unable to forward the traffic through the AP when the roam is happening.
--> Certain applications does not work with network interruptions ( Voice Traffic).
--> Roaming can occur based upon three types
i) Intra Controller Roaming
--> In this method, wireless client moves from one AP to other AP within the same controller.
--> It is most simple method of roaming.
--> In this method, Wireless Controller simply updates database with client details from old AP to new AP.
--> Roaming occurs in the same subnet.
--> It is also called as Layer 2 Roaming.
--> This process takes around 10 ms.
--> This process takes around 20 ms.
iii) Layer 3 Inter Controller Roaming
--> In this method, wireless client moves from one AP to other AP between different controllers.
--> Depends upon type of roaming and type of wireless network has a big effect on Roaming Latency.
--> Roaming Latency is the amount of the time the wireless client is unable to forward the traffic through the AP when the roam is happening.
--> Certain applications does not work with network interruptions ( Voice Traffic).
--> Roaming can occur based upon three types
i) Intra Controller Roaming
--> In this method, wireless client moves from one AP to other AP within the same controller.
--> It is most simple method of roaming.
--> In this method, Wireless Controller simply updates database with client details from old AP to new AP.
--> Roaming occurs in the same subnet.
--> It is also called as Layer 2 Roaming.
--> This process takes around 10 ms.
ii) Layer 2 Inter Controller Roaming
--> In this method, wireless client moves from one AP to other AP between different controllers.
--> In this method, Wireless Client details are updated from old WLC to new WLC.
--> Both the controllers should be in the same mobility group.
--> Roaming occurs in the same subnet.
--> This process is transparent to the user.
iii) Layer 3 Inter Controller Roaming
--> In this method, wireless client moves from one AP to other AP between different controllers.
--> Both the controllers should be in the same mobility group and exchanges messages between them.
--> Roaming occurs in the different subnet.
--> In this method, Client entry in original controller is termed as Anchor Entry and Client entry in new controller is termed as Foreign Entry.
--> Old Controller is called as Anchor Controller and New Controller is called as Foreign Controller.
--> This process is transparent to the user and user maintains its original IP Address.
--> This process takes around 30 ms.
--> This process is transparent to the user.
iv) Hard Roaming
--> In this method, wireless client moves from one AP to other AP between different controllers.
--> Both Controllers are not in same mobility group.
--> Full Authentication need to takes place, where client moves from one AP to other AP between different controllers.
--> Not recommended.
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